塘沽北塘可持续新城可持续社区开发的SSIM应用-EDAW（103页）.ppt

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1、,塘沽北塘可持续新城可持续社区开发的SSIM应用Tanggu Beitang Sustainable New Town SSIM Application for Sustainable Community Development,交通的灵活性 Flexible transportation network土地的混合开发 Mixed uses development生态保育 Ecological Preservation紧凑的城市形态 Compact Urban Form区域经济的协调 Holistic regional economic development,主题思想Big Ideas,SS

2、IM第一阶段 Stage I,Scheme 1方案 1(原控规),Scheme 2方案2,Scheme 3方案3,Schemes 规划方案,Plan Comparison,Sustainability Indicators,Scheme 1方案 1(原控规),Scheme 2方案2,Scheme 3方案3,Plan Comparison,Sustainability Indicators,Scheme 1方案 1(原控规),Scheme 2方案2,Scheme 3方案3,Plan Comparison,Sustainability Indicators,Plan Comparison,Sust

3、ainability Indicators,Plan Comparison,Sustainability Indicators,Access to Local Services 当地服务设备的可达性,Scheme 1方案 1(原控规),Scheme 2方案2,Scheme 3方案3,Access to Employment 雇用机会的可达性,Scheme 1方案 1(原控规),Scheme 2方案2,Scheme 3方案3,Access to Parks and Open Space 公园可公共空间的可达性,Scheme 1方案 1(原控规),Scheme 2方案2,Scheme 3方案3,A

4、ccess to Transit 公交的可达性,Scheme 1方案 1(原控规),Scheme 2方案2,Scheme 3方案3,Selected Scheme 被选方案,Scheme 3 Baseline Scenario 方案3基准情景,SSIM第二阶段 Stage II,住宅建筑能源 Residential Building Energy建筑外壳 Building Shell窗户 Fenestration空调效率 HVAC efficiency热水 Water heating设备 Appliances灯光 Lighting被动式设计 Passive design朝向 Bldg orie

5、ntation楼顶电光板 On-building PV太阳能热水系统 Solar thermal water heating,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy 住宅建筑 措施 Residential Buildings-Measures,Residential Buildings,30-Story Residential Bldg w Retail30 层住宅楼加底商,15-Story Residential Bldg w Retail15 层住宅楼加底商,11-Story Residential Bldg w Retail11 层住宅楼加底商,11-Story Re

6、sidential Bldg w/o Retail11 层住宅楼无底商,4-Story Walk-Up4 层住无电梯,对以下5种建筑类型进行评估：Five Building types have been assessed:两层商业零售房和28层住宅Two story retail podium with 28 floors of residential apartments两层商业零售房和13层住宅Two story retail podium with 13 floors of residential apartments底层商业零售房和10层住宅Ground floor retail p

7、odium with 10 floors of residential apartments11层住宅11 floors of residential apartments4层住宅4 floors of residential apartments,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,为达到“佳，优，最优”这三种标准，还有以下途径其次是安装高效设备和控制系统Our approach for achieving Good,Better,Best standards Se

8、condly install efficient plant and controls,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,为达到“佳，优，最优”这三种标准，还有以下途径最后考虑最为经济的适合基地的可再生能源系统Our approach for achieving Good,Better,Best standardsThirdly consider the most cost effective renewable systems that are suitable

9、for the site,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-措施 Residential Buildings-Measures,用于所有建筑的主要措施 Key Measures applied to all buildings,地区供热 District Heating,供热系统 Heating system“优良”和“最优”情景使用太阳能热水供应部分热水需求Better and Best case

10、s use solar hot water“最优”情景使用20%的生物质锅炉 Best case uses a 20%contribution from a biomass boiler太阳能热水和生物质通过中央集管连接到供热网络 Solar hot water and biomass connected to network via central header,地区供冷 District Cooling,中央水环热泵 Central water-loop heat pump“最优”情景使用地热环路供冷系统 Best case uses a ground source loop coolin

11、g system连接至中央冷凝环路的独立水冷热泵可在住宅和商业单元之间进行高效的能源交换 Individual local water cooled heat pump connected to the central condensing loop where energy can be effectively exchanged between the Residential and the Commercial units.系统将混合利用的效益发挥至极致，并减少了对地热的依赖The system maximises the benefit of mixed use development

12、 and minimise the reliance on ground source,能耗削减量 Energy reductions achieved,每年能耗节省,占基准情景比例,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings-Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings-Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings-Summary,SSIM能源模

13、型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings-Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings-Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings-Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings-Summary,“Good”standard have been cost effective

14、ly archived by improving the building itself,such as using high performance building envelope“Better”standard have been achieved by further improving building envelope and system efficiency with the installation of the Solar Hot water systemIn order to reach“Best”standard,addressing the electricity

15、consumption becomes the key,as the contribution of fabric improvements to the overall energy usage of the buildings is limited.Reducing electricity demand has been achieved by improving efficiency of fans,cooling delivery,lighting systems and other small power.Ground source heat pump system is used

16、in the“Best case”in order to reduce cooling electricity consumption.,“佳”标准通过改善建筑本身而达到，例如使用高性能建筑外墙“优良”标准通过进一步改善建筑外墙和系统效率，并且安装太阳能热水系统而实现为了达到“最优”标准，减低电力消耗成为关键，因为此时总体能源消耗通过建筑本身的改善已经是有限的电力需求通过改善风机、供冷系统、照明系统的效率实现地源热泵系统被用于“最优情景”以削减供冷的电力消耗,成本与能耗削减比较 Cost vs.Energy Reductions,不同情景的能源节省Energy Savings over Bas

17、e,增加PV电池Add PV cells,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings-Summary,与基准情景相比的成本增加量,基准情景,佳情景,优良情景,最优情景,回收期 Payback time,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-总结 Residential Buildings-Summary,超过基准情景的成本（千元）,为达到“佳，优，最优”这三种标准，采用以下途径首先考虑的方法是让建筑更有效能建筑外墙/高性能幕墙系统采用遮阳板减少制冷负荷Our approach for ach

18、ieving Good,Better,Best standardsFirst consider measures to make the building work harder Building envelope/airtightness Solar shading to reduce cooling load,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,基准情景的建筑基于ASHRAE 90.1标准（美国）佳、优良和最优情景评价了能源使用、碳排放和回收期根据当地情况修正的成

19、本数据被用来与“基准”情景的回收期进行比较Baseline building based on ASHRAE 90.1 standards(USA)Good,Better and Best ScenariosEnergy use,carbon emissions and payback periods assessed Locally calibrated cost data has been used to provide information on payback periods compared to the“baseline”scenario.,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Model

20、ing Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,四类建筑类型被评价：Four Building types have been assessed:底层零售商业和29层商业办公空间Ground floor retail podium with 29 floors of commercial office space 底层零售商业和19层商业办公空间Ground floor retail podium with 19 floors of commercial office space 带4层商业办公空间的低层办

21、公楼底层Low rise office development with 4 floors of commercial office space 4层零售中心，包括前庭和33000平方米的零售空间4 storey retail centre with central atrium and 33,000sq m of retail space,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,Commercial Buildings,20-Story Office w Re

22、tail20 写字楼加底商,3-Story Retail/Civic3 层商业或政府楼,4-Story Retail Center4 层购物中心,2-Story Civic/Comm Facilities2 层政府和社区公用楼,30-Story Office w Retail30 写字楼加底商,达到佳、优良和最优标准的手段 首先让建筑工作更为高效遮阳/高性能幕墙系统 建筑外墙/渗风性Our approach for achieving Good,Better,Best standardsFirst consider measures to make the building work hard

23、erSolar shading/high performance faade systemBuilding envelope/airtightness,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,达到佳、优良和最优标准的手段其次，安装高效设备和控制系统Our approach for achieving Good,Better,Best standardsSecondly install efficient plant and controls,SSIM能源模型 S

24、SIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,达到佳、优良和最优标准的手段 最后考虑最为经济的适合基地的可再生能源系统Our approach for achieving Good,Better,Best standardThirdly consider the most cost effective renewable systems that are suitable for the site,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-标准/情景 Non-

25、Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy,主要措施结论 Conclusions of Key Measures,“Good”standard have been cost effectively archived by improving the building itself,such as using high performance building envelopeCommercial development has very high lighting load.Therefore,

26、lighting control(e.g.daylight dimming)and the use of high efficiency fittings can reduces electrical load substantially“Better”standard can be achieved by installing Ground source heat pumps(GSHP),given the annual heating and cooling load demand being perfectly matchedIn addition to the above measur

27、es,“Best”case has further been supplemented by installing either solar thermal or PV on the roof.,SSIM 能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary,“佳”标准通过改善建筑本身而达到，例如使用高性能建筑外墙非住宅建筑具有很高的照明负荷。因此，照明控制和高效灯具的使用能够大幅的降低电力负荷“优良”标准可通过安装地源热泵实现，可以刚好满足每年的供热供冷负荷需求除以上措施外，“最优”情景通过

28、太阳能热水系统或者屋顶光伏电池板来进一步补充,冷热电联供的可行性也进行了分析结论是对于商业应用，该系统比地源热泵效率要低Further analysis has also been carried out on the feasibility of District heating and cooling using Combined Cooling and Heating Power(CCHP plant).It was found this is less effective than Ground Source Heat Pump system for the commercial ty

29、pes.,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Resid

30、ential Buildings Results Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy非住宅建筑-结果总结 Non-Residential Buildings Results Summary,基准情景的建筑基于适合于中国住宅市场的典型规范标准利用“三步法”原理，佳、优良和最优情景这三个情景逐渐得到改善Baseline building based on typical specification

31、 standards for the Chinese residential marketGood,Better and Best Scenarios have been generated through incremental improvements using the philosophy of“the three steps”.,SSIM能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy住宅建筑-标准/情景 Residential Buildings Standards/Scenarios,SSIM-Water SSIM-水,SSIM Water 水,Precipitation降雨T

32、emperature气温Evapotranspiration蒸发Soil(clay,sand)土壤（泥土，砂土）,Residential居住用地Commercial商业用地Open Space开放空间Common Areas一般区域Roadways道路,Limit on Total Water Use限制总用水量Water Law水法Wastewater Discharge污水排放Stormwater Mitigation暴雨削减,Save Water节水Harvest Water收集水Lessen Impact减少影响Sustainability可持续性,Low Demand Landsca

33、ping低水耗景观Intelligent Irrigation精明灌溉High Efficiency Fixtures高效器具Reuse Rainwater雨水回用Reuse Greywater灰水回用Reuse Blackwater黑水回用Use TSE处理的污水使用Detain,Retain,Treat Stormwater阻滞、滞留、处理雨水,Environment+Climate环境与气候,Land Use Program土地使用方案,Requirements必备条件,Goals目标,Strategies策略,降雨 Rainfall,径流 Runoff,入渗 Infiltration,

34、SSIM-Water 水,开发前的状况 Predevelopment Condition,SSIM Water 水,开发后的状况 Predevelopment Condition,降雨 Rainfall,饮用水Potable Water,雨水污染Pollutants in Stormwater,径流增加Increased Runoff,污水Sewage,入渗减少Decreased Infiltration,Heat!,SSIM Water 水,基准情景 Baseline Scenario,SSIM Water 水,基准情景 Baseline Scenario,Domestic Water Su

35、pply 生活用水供应Municipal Sewage Treatment 市政污水处理Domestic water for potable and irrigation supply 生活用水用于饮用和灌溉,SSIM Water 水,佳情景 Good,SSIM Water 水,佳情景 Good Scenario,Municipal water supply 市政供水Municipal sewage treatment 市政污水处理More efficient indoor fixtures 高效室内器具Domestic water for potable and irrigation sup

36、ply 生活用水用于饮用和灌溉Grey Water Collection and Treatment in Wetlands 灰水收集和通过湿地处理Return Treated Water for Toilet Flushing 处理后的水回用于冲厕Result:80%Reduced volume of treated sewage结论：下水处理需求降低80%,SSIM Water 水,优良情景 Better Scenario,SSIM Water 水,优良情景 Better Scenario,Roof top rainfall harvesting 屋顶雨水收集 Grey water col

37、lection 灰水收集Most efficient indoor fixtures 最高效的室内器具Treatment wetlands 人工处理湿地Return treated water for toilet flushing 处理后的水回用冲厕Stormwater collection,treatment and storage 雨水收集、处理和储存More water for irrigation 更多用于灌溉Result:88%Reduced volume of treated sewage 结论：下水处理需求降低88%Result:45%Reduced potable water

38、 for irrigation 结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低45%,SSIM Water 水,最优情景 Best Scenario,SSIM Water 水,最优情景 Best Scenario,Municipal water supply for indoor water use only 市政供水仅用于室内用水Grey water harvesting to building cisterns 灰水收集至建筑蓄水池Rainfall harvesting to building cisterns 雨水收集至建筑蓄水池Toilet flushing from building cistern

39、蓄水池用于冲厕Stormwater to treatment wetlands 雨水收集至人工湿地On-site sewage treatment,discharge to wetlands 基地内部污水处理，并排放至湿地Irrigation from polished sewage effluent 净化后的污水用于灌溉Result:No potable water for irrigation 结论：无饮用水用于灌溉Result:67%Reduction in potable water结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低67%Result:No discharge of water from s

40、ite 结论：项目无对外排水需求,SSIM Water 水,水和废水,政府共用,灰水,废水,雨水,SSIM Water 水,水系统成本,用户,子开发商,总开发商,建筑雨水和中水 Building rainwater and greywater,基地内WWTP On-site WWTP,回用 Recycle,道路雨水 Road rainwater,处理湿地 Treatment wetland,SSIM Water 水,SSIM Water 水,Establish goals realistic,but aggressive 设立目标-切实但积极Develop strategies 开发策略Cos

41、t/benefit account for synergies 费用效益比-考虑综合效益Define responsibilities for implementation 为实施确定责任Measure and monitor results 测量和监测结果Adaptive management 适应性管理,总体水资源管理Overall Water Management,街道照明 Street Lighting装置间距和英尺烛光 Fixture spacing and foot candles黑夜概念 Dark sky conceptsLED选择 LED options出行需求管理 Trave

42、l demand management(TDM)停车场/工业区 Parking Lots/Industrial Areas英尺烛光要求 Foot candle requirementsLED选择 LED options感光和暗室照明Photopic vs.Scotopic Lights太阳能/风能照明选择 Solar/wind Lighting Options开放空间和公园 Open Space and Parks照明水平 Lighting levels建筑上PV 应用 PV on structures,可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling公共空间能源 Public Realm En

43、ergy,可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling Water生活用水削减成果展示 Domestic Water Reduction Results,塘沽区平均风速为4.5米/秒Tanggu District Average Wind Speed is 4.5 m/s对于大型风电场，最低风速要求为6米/秒For large wind farms,a minimum of 6m/s is preferred大型风电场不可行 Large scale wind farms not feasible,SSIM 能源模型 SSIM Modeling Energy替代能源-措施Alternative

44、 Energy-Measures,温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation,目标Goals削减出行需求 Reduce the need for travel鼓励高效出行模式 Promote efficient travel modes,温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation,交通原则吸引人的社区空间步行和自行车网络5”D”措施 高质量公交出行时间,Transportation PrinciplesAttractive co

45、mmunity spacesPedestrian and bicycle networks5 D measuresHigh quality public transportTravel times,温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation,Density 密度Residents,Jobs per Area 居住人口，单位面积的工作数Higher Density=Lower VKT 高密度=低机动车行驶里程Diversity 多样性Balanced,Mix of Uses 平衡的用地混合Greater Mix

46、of uses=Lower VKT 混合度高=低机动车行驶里程Design 规划设计Street Connectivity,Walkability 街道连接及步行性Pedestrian Oriented Design=Lower VKT 步行导向设计=低机动车行驶里程Destination Accessibility 目的地可达性Jobs&attractions easily reachable 容易到达工作场所和其他目的地Center City=Lower VKT 中心城市=低机动车行驶里程Distance to Transit 距公共交通的距离Rail or Bus Station pro

47、ximity from work/home 距离工作和居住较紧的轻轨和公交站Access to Public Transit=Lower VKT 公共交通接口=低机动车行驶里程,与典型的扩张情形相比，利用4D或5D措施可以将机动车行驶里程减少40%Using 4D/5D measures can reduce VKT up to 40%from typical sprawl conditions,-清凉增长：城市开发和气候变化的证据-Growing Cooler:The evidence on urban development and climate change,温室气体削减策略：GHG

48、Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation,快速轨道交通站 Metro Train Station,公交车站 Bus Stop,快速轨道 Metro Train,快速公交线1 BRT Line 1,快速公交线2 BRT Line 2,快速公交线3 BRT Line 3,Scheme 1 Mass Transit,方案 1 公共交通系统,温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation,Scheme 1 250m Serving Radius,方案 1 250米

49、的服务半径,温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation,快速轨道交通站 Metro Train Station,公交车站 Bus Stop,快速轨道 Metro Train,快速公交线1 BRT Line 1,快速公交线2 BRT Line 2,Scheme 2 Mass Transit,方案 2 公共交通系统,温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation,Scheme 2 250m Serving Radius,方案 2 250

50、米的服务半径,温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIM and Transportation,快速轨道交通站 Metro Train Station,公交车站 Bus Stop,快速轨道 Metro Train,快速公交线1 BRT Line 1,快速公交线2 BRT Line 2,快速公交线3 BRT Line 3,快速公交线4 BRT Line 4,Scheme 3 Mass Transit Baseline,方案 3 基准情景下的公共交通系统,温室气体削减策略：GHG Reduction Measures:SSIM和交通 SSIM and