纽约海滨防洪性景观设计 THE BIG “U” REBUILD BY DESIGN-通过创新规划、设计和规划提升沙地后的恢复力（276页）.pdf

《纽约海滨防洪性景观设计 THE BIG “U” REBUILD BY DESIGN-通过创新规划、设计和规划提升沙地后的恢复力（276页）.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《纽约海滨防洪性景观设计 THE BIG “U” REBUILD BY DESIGN-通过创新规划、设计和规划提升沙地后的恢复力（276页）.pdf（276页珍藏版）》请在佰策地产文库上搜索。

1、Promoting Resilience Post-Sandy Through Innovative Planning,Design,&ProgrammingBIGne architectureTHE BIG“U”REBUILD BY DESIGN.CAN PROTECTIVE MEASURES BECOME THE CITYS ATTRACTIONS?HOW CAN THE CITY PLAN FOR ITS RESILIENCY WHILE ALSO PLANNING FOR ITS FUTURE GROWTH?.WHICH BOTH PROTECT AND SERVE AS UPGRAD

2、ES,RATHER THAN DOWNGRADES.FOR THE SOCIAL AND URBAN FABRIC?THE BIG“U”+people!resiliency infrastructure+resiliency infrastructurecommunity+people!resiliency infrastructure+resiliency infrastructureprogramTHE BIG“U”-RISKIntellectual Property Disclaimer:All Rights Reserved BIG TeamSPORTSLOUNGINGBIKINGEN

3、VIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONSPORTSSPORTSSPORTSSPORTSLOUNGINGLOUNGINGLOUNGINGPLAYGROUNDPLAYGROUNDLOUNGINGBIKINGBOATINGBOATINGBOATINGFERRYFERRYFERRYBOATINGBOATINGFOOD+DRINKFOOD+DRINKFOOD+DRINKFOOD+DRINKCULTURAL INSTITUTIONFARMINGCONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYTHE BIG UTHE SITEDESIGN PROPOSALSTECHNICALIMPLEMENTATIO

4、N1-1718-4748-107108-205206-227262-2730123457REBUILD BY DESIGN-THE BIG UBIG TEAMBIG TEAMABOUT THE BIG TEAMHarbour BathDanish National Maritime MuseumWest 57thBrooklyn Bridge Park Pier&Viewing PlatformBIG Team is led byBIG Bjarke Ingels Groupand includes co-lead One Architecture(water&urbanism),Starr

5、Whitehouse(landscape architecture),Buro Happold(engineering&sustainability),Level Infrastructure,(infrastructure engineering),Arcadis(Hydrological Engineering),James Lima Planning&Development(finance&economics),Green Shield Ecology(ecology),AEA Consulting(arts&cultural planning),Project Projects(gra

6、phic design),and the School of Constructed Environments at Parsons The New School.BIG Team brings together significant international experience in Denmark and the Netherlands with a deep understanding of this Sandy regions economic,political and social environment.Team Leader,BIG,is a group of archi

7、tects,designers and thinkers operating within the fields of architecture,urbanism,research and development with offices in New York City,Copenhagen and Beijing.For over a decade,BIG has been building a reputation as one of the most creative and intelligent architecture offices in the world.Our proje

8、cts are also widely recognized as sophisticated responses to the challenges of urban development that create dynamic public spaces and forms that are as programmatically and technically innovative as they are cost and resource conscious.The teams approach is rooted in the two concepts of social infr

9、astructure and hedonistic sustainability.By proactively cross-breeding public infrastructure with social programs,the team will inject new urban life forms into our cities.BIG is committed to designing cities and buildings that are both ecologically and economically profitablewhere sustainability is

10、 not a moral dilemma,but approached as a design challenge.BIGne architectureGreen Shield EcologyREBUILD BY DESIGN-THE BIG“U”BIG TEAMABOUT THE BIG TEAMHarbour BathDanish National Maritime MuseumWest 57thBrooklyn Bridge Park Pier&Viewing PlatformBIG Team is led byBIG Bjarke Ingels Groupand includes co

11、-lead One Architecture(water&urbanism),Starr Whitehouse(landscape architecture),Buro Happold(engineering&sustainability),Level Infrastructure,(infrastructure engineering),Arcadis(Hydrological Engineering),James Lima Planning&Development(finance&economics),Green Shield Ecology(ecology),AEA Consulting

12、(arts&cultural planning),Project Projects(graphic design),and the School of Constructed Environments at Parsons The New School.BIG Team brings together significant international experience in Denmark and the Netherlands with a deep understanding of this Sandy regions economic,political and social en

13、vironment.Team Leader,BIG,is a group of architects,designers and thinkers operating within the fields of architecture,urbanism,research and development with offices in New York City,Copenhagen and Beijing.For over a decade,BIG has been building a reputation as one of the most creative and intelligen

14、t architecture offices in the world.Our projects are also widely recognized as sophisticated responses to the challenges of urban development that create dynamic public spaces and forms that are as programmatically and technically innovative as they are cost and resource conscious.The teams approach

15、 is rooted in the two concepts of social infrastructure and hedonistic sustainability.By proactively cross-breeding public infrastructure with social programs,the team will inject new urban life forms into our cities.BIG is committed to designing cities and buildings that are both ecologically and e

16、conomically profitablewhere sustainability is not a moral dilemma,but approached as a design challenge.BIGne architectureGreen Shield Ecology8REBUILD BY DESIGN-THE BIG“U”BIG TEAMSOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE,DEVELOPED WITH THE COMMUNITYRethinking infrastructure:as an amenity/social infrastructureUS infrastr

17、ucture traditionally has not been civic or accessible,but rather,it has been imposed on our cities at large scale with sometimes terrible consequences for the urban experience.The Big-U combines the mandate of large-scale protective infrastructure with meaningful community engagement.It manifests th

18、e requirements of a Robert Moses hard infrastructure combined with the local community-driven sensitivity of Jane Jacobs.The multivalent U consists of multiple but linked compartments;each on different scales of time,size and investment;each local neighborhood tailoring its own set of programs,funct

19、ions,and opportunities.Small,relatively simple projects maintain the resiliency investment momentum post-Sandy,while setting in motion the longer-term solutions that will be necessary in the future.Big-U:love child of Robert Moses and Jane JacobsIn the 3rd phase,an initial investigation showed the B

20、ig U was met enthusiastically:west side,Battery,LES.COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PROCESSLES with communityBattery with Battery ConservancyBetween Brooklyn Bridge and Battery at further request of the city.Morbi at lorem adipiscing quam pretium rutrum non a nisi.Quisque in egestas sem.Duis sagittis arcu et n

21、ulla congue adipiscing.Fusce et ligula massa.Vestibulum interdum varius dapibus.Etiam porta sapien vestibulum dolor sodales,vitae viverra mauris egestas.Suspendisse ac mi vel purus consectetur vestibulum.Mauris ultricies elementum laoreet.Praesent suscipit,dui non egestas adipiscing,tellus nisl ulla

22、mcorper massa,non convallis enim justo ut quam.Nunc non sapien et sem malesuada sagittis.Sed eu lacus sed ipsum dictum consectetur.Praesent ornare eleifend faucibus.Pellentesque molestie hendrerit arcu quis imperdiet.Donec porta elit ut sagittis luctus.Cras dignissim nisi in nunc viverra,ut iaculis

23、libero fringilla.In euismod justo vel urna euismod,at lacinia ipsum adipiscing.Aenean aliquet turpis sed accumsan bibendum.Praesent euismod nisl non nibh iaculis dignissim.Sed urna turpis,euismod eu tortor at,accumsan varius velit.Fusce consectetur tempus erat.Sed ac pharetra augue.Donec semper elem

24、entum felis,in pretium metus porta vel.Suspendisse suscipit consequat urna.Nulla hendrerit aliquet magna,a sagittis sem condimentum sed.Donec in tincidunt ante.Nullam consequat ante ac nisl tincidunt,non pretium augue consectetur.Maecenas adipiscing tristique tellus,vel scelerisque diam vulputate ac

25、.Nam bibendum odio velit,vestibulum tempus felis convallis.The Big-UCommunity EngagementThe Big U is a protective system around Manhattan,driven by the needs and concerns of its communities.Stretching from West 57th street south to The Battery and up to East 42th street,the Big U protects 10 continu

26、ous miles of low-lying geography that comprise an incredibly dense,vibrant,and vulnerable urban area.The proposed system not only shields the city against floods and stormwater;it provides social and environmental benefits to the community,an improved public realm.For Phase 3 of Rebuild by Design,th

27、e Big U Team created separate but coordinated plans for three contiguous regions of the waterfront and associated communities,regions dubbed compartments.Each compartment comprises a physically separate flood-protection zone,isolated from flooding in the other zones,but each is equally a field for i

28、ntegrated social and community planning.The compartments work in concert to protect and enhance the city,but each compartments proposal is designed to stand on its own.Each was designed in close consultation with the associated communities and the many local,municipal,state and federal stakeholders;

29、each has a benefit-cost ratio greater than one;and each is flexible,easily phasable,and integrable with existing projects in progress.RESEARCHThe Big U concept was the product of a research phase in which the BIG Team studied the history of resiliency planning in the Tri-State Area and elsewhere.The

30、 teams research demonstrated that resiliency plans typically have taken the existing city into account but failed to provide for the natural growth and transformation of communities.In response,the BIG Team resolved to combine city-making and resiliency planning to create coordinated,intelligent des

31、igns for“growing resiliency.”The resulting designs would not only solve existing problems,but prevent the formation of new ones,proactively enhance the city in many dimensions,and channel its future growth in desirable directions.Such an approach has many advantages.It creates possibilities for leve

32、raging the incorporated projects financially and integrating them with existing plans.It makes it possible to work with communities to ensure that the resiliency measures become social and environmental assets.As a dynamic process,moreover,“growing resiliency”enables planners to adapt on the fly to

33、emergent developments such as global climate change and new legislation.WHAT IS AT RISK?The floodplain behind the 10 miles of coastline is home to approximately 220,000 people.This area contains some of the largest central business districts in the country,which cumulatively are at the core of an ec

34、onomy with a$500 billion annual GDP,and influences economic activity throughout the world.More than 52 million visitors annually come to New York City to see such sites as the 9/11 memorial,The Battery,and Wall Street,or to take the ferries to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island.The area also con

35、tains 35,000 affordable housing units,many of which have been hit hard by Sandy.Over 95,000 low-income,elderly,and disabled residents live there,predominantly along the East River.Superstorm Sandy devastated much of the area.Much of the infrastructure was disabled,the economic heart of the Financial

36、 District stopped for a week,homes THE BIG U PRINCIPLESThe principles behind the design of the Big U are:Flood protection and preparation are not a mere line of defense;they must take entire neighborhoods and districts into account.The design should be community-driven.The system should be compartme

37、ntalized and should be able to be built incrementally.Physical resiliency should be combined with social resiliency.The requirements of different sectors(housing/transit/energy/urban development)should be addressed by one solution.Flood protection should be tied to community benefits(better open spa

38、ce,better access to housing,jobs and education,lower insurance rates,possibilities for growth),allowing government investment to be leveraged with local and sectoral funding in a Resilient Community District.THE BIG UTHE BIG U-EXECUTIVE SUMMARY9REBUILD BY DESIGN-THE BIG UBIG TEAMwere flooded,and peo

39、ple were trapped in their apartments.Many residents are still struggling with the aftermath.Mold,for example,has almost doubled in public housing affected by Sandy.It is clear that global climate change has made the challenges of providing affordable housing to Lower Manhattan even greater.Rebuildin

40、g after Sandy poses its own risks.In the worst case,each party(building owners,NYCHA,DOT,MTA)might rebuild just for itself,resulting in a chaotic set of atomized changes that could prove destructive to the urban realm as a whole.Such a piecemeal approach would not only cost much more than a coherent

41、 plan;it would also worsen economic disparity in the city as low-income areas,financially stretched as they are,inevitably are left behind.The poor would be left with nothing or worse.Another danger is that flood-protection measures,if not intelligently designed,might sever the communities connectio

42、n to the waterfront,so important for this area.The opportunities that rebuilding brings,however,are as great as the risks.This occasion represents a priceless opportunity to rebuild better,to rebuild in such a way that even as the city grows more secure physically it is endowed with new social,aesth

43、etic,economic and environmental assets,becoming more secure in many other senses.SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTUREThe BIG Team proposes to rethink infrastructure as an amenity.The team calls it social infrastructure.Infrastructure in the United States,as traditionally conceived,has not been civic,accessible,des

44、igned with interaction with the public in mind;rather,it has been imposed from without on our cities on a large scale,sometimes with terrible consequences for the urban experience.The Big U combines the mandate to create large-scale protective infrastructure with a commitment to meaningful community

45、 engagement.It fuses Robert Moses hard infrastructure with Jane Jacobs locally-based,community-driven sensitivity.The Big Us flood-protection will not look like a wall,and it will not separate the community from the waterfront.Rather,the very structures that protect us from the elements will become

46、attractive centers of social and recreational activity that enhance the city and lay a positive groundwork for its future.The multivalent U consists of linked compartments,each on its own scale of time,size and investment.This in turn allows neighborhoods to tailor the protective changes to fit thei

47、r own programs,needs,assets,and opportunities.Small,relatively simple projects will maintain the resiliency investment momentum post-Sandy,and at the same time set in motion intelligent long-term solutions.After the Big U was selected by the Rebuild by Design Jury for the 3rd phase of the competitio

48、n,the BIG Team was greeted enthusiastically by many stakeholders on the West Side,at the Battery,and on the Lower East Side(LES).In order to focus resources in the relatively short planning window,the BIG Team,at the suggestion of the Mayors Office,decided to focus first on the Lower East Side.Here

49、a large,vulnerable population(a major target of CDBG-DR funding)lives in the floodplain.+JANE JACOBSROBERT MOSESDESIGN OPPORTUNITIES+14 FEMA 2050 500-YEAR FLOODPLAIN+6 Existing BulkheadRiverbed+15 1-FOOT SPLASH ALLOWANCE+0 Mean Sea Levelwall?BENCHSEATING-SHELTERREBUILD BY DESIGNImplementation(Tailor

50、ed Resiliency)Design solutions for protection in the city become hybrid solutions,each custom tailored to their specific place,time and program.The artful combination of a classic engineered infrastructural element with desirable social functions of each community can produce an almost unnoticeable